Main Article Content
Abstract
The construction sector accounts for a large portion of the world's energy consumption; in Iran, it’s more than 40% of energy consumption. Office buildings have a relatively unfavorable energy consumption pattern due to impersonal ownership and lack of supervision and needs improvement. The aim of this research is to achieve the most optimal skin porosity geometry in terms of energy for a dynamic double-skin façade. Since this idea is intended to be used in Mashhad, which is one of the religious centers of Iran, so to create this feeling in users, the geometry used for its dynamic second skin porosity is inspired by Islamic patterns of tiles and decorations of the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS). By analyzing the energy performance of 5 selected geometries with Ladybug and Honeybee plugins, the most optimal one will be determined. Daylight is one of the most influential parameters in the design of energy-efficient buildings. To make the most of this parameter, it is necessary to create facades with maximum transparency. But these facades face challenges such as overheating. Therefore, it’s important to control the amount of daylight entering. In this research, an optimal geometry for a dynamic double skin façade porosity intended to be used for office buildings in Mashhad is presented, although the energy analysis results of all 5 geometries are very close to each other. This means that the porosity geometry does not have much effect on the optimization of energy consumption.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Ji R, Zheng Y, Zou Z, Wei S, Qu S. Climate Applicability Study of Building Envelopes Containing Phase Change Materials. International Journal of Energy Research. 2019 July 4; 43(13): 7397-7408. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4772
- Wang Y, Wei C. Design Optimization of Office Building Envelope Based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm for Energy Conservation. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021 March; 35: 102048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102048
- Theodosiou T, Tsikaloudaki K, Tsoka S, Chastas P. Thermal Bridging Problems on Advance Cladding Systems and Smart Building Facades. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019 March 20; 214: 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.286
- Ghaffarianhoseini A, Ghaffarianhoseini A, Berardi U, Tookey J, Hin Wa Li D, Kariminia S. Exploring the Advantages and Challenges of Double-Skin Facades (DSFs). Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016 July; 60: 1052-1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.130
- Kim D, Cox S.J, Cho H, Yoon J. Comparative Investigation on Building Energy Performance of Double Skin Façade (DSF) with Interior or Exterior Slat Blinds. Journal of Building Engineering. 2018 November; 20: 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.08.012
- Barbosa S, Lp K. Perspectives of Double Skin Facades for Naturally Ventilated Buildings: A Review. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014 December; 40: 1019-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.192
- Li Y, Darkwa J, Su W. Investigation on Thermal Performance of an Integrated Phase Change Material Blind System for Double Skin Façade Buildings. Journal of Energy Procedia. 2019 February; 158: 5116-5123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.688
- Samadi S, Noorzai E, Beltrán L, Abbasi S. A Computational Approach for Achieving Optimum Daylight Inside Buildings through Automated Kinetic Shading Systems. Journal of Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020 June 1; 9(2): 335 - 349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.10.004
- Choi H, Hong S, Choi A, Sung M. Toward the Accuracy of Prediction for Energy Savings Potential and System Performance Using the Daylight Responsive Dimming System. Journal of Energy and Buildings. 2016 December 1; 133: 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.042https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.042
- Kirimtat A, Krejcar O. Multi-objective Optimization at the Conceptual Design Phase of an Office Room through Evolutionary Computation. In: Mouhoub M, Sadaoui S, Ait Mohamed O, Ali M (eds). Recent Trends and Future Technology in Applied Intelligence. IEA/AIE 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2018 May 30; 10868: 679-684. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92058-0_65
- Mahdavinejad M, Matoor S, Feyzmand ., Doroodgar A. Horizontal Distribution of Illuminance with Reference to Window Wall Ration (WWR) in Office Buildings in Hot and Dry Climates, Case of Iran, Tehran. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2011 October; 110-116: 72-76. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.110-116.72
- Torcellini P, Pless S, Deru M, Crawley D. Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Look at the Definition. National Laboratory of the US Department of Energy. Proceedings of the ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, 14-18 August 2006, Pacific Grove, California. www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39833.pdf
- Pilechiha P, Mahdavinejad M, Pour Rahimian F, Carnemolla P, Seyedzadeh S. Multi-objective Optimization Framework for Designing Office Windows: Quality of View, Daylight and Energy Efficiency. Journal of Applied Energy. 2020 March 1; 261: 114356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114356
- Nabil A, Mardaljevic J. Useful Daylight Illuminance: A New Paradigm for Assessing Daylight in Buildings. Journal of Lighting Research and Technology. 2005 March 1; 37(1): 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1191%2F1365782805li128oa
- Kirimtat A, Koyunbaba B.k, Chatzikonstantinou I, Sariliyildiz S. Review of Simulation Modeling for Shading Devices in Buildings. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016 January; 53: 23-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.020
- Wagdy A, Fathy F. A Parametric Approach for Achieving Optimum Daylighting Performance through Solar Screens in Desert Climates. Journal of Building Engineering. 2015 September 1; 3: 155-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.07.007
- Johnsen K, Watkins R. Daylight in Buildings: A Source Book on Daylighting Systems and Components. ECBCS Annex 29/SHC Task 21 Project Summary Report. 2010. https://www.iea-ebc.org/Data/publications/EBC_Annex_29_PSR.pdf
- Alawadhi E.M. Double Solar Screens for Window to Control Sunlight in Kuwait. Journal of Building and Environment. 2018 October 15; 144: 392-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.08.058
- Bellia L, Marino C, Minichiello F, Pedace A. An Overview on Solar Shading Systems for Buildings. Journal of Energy Procedia. 2014 June; 62: 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.392
- Eltaweel A, Su Y. Controlling Venetian Blinds Based on Parametric Design; Via Implementing Grasshopper’s Plugins: A Case Study of an Office Building in Cairo. Journal of Energy and Buildings. 2017 March 15; 139: 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.075
- https://architizer.com/idea/733016/
- https://www.archdaily.com/
- https://www.architonic.com/it/project/ernst-giselbrecht-partner-dynamic-facade-kiefer-technic-showroom/5100449
- https://inhabitat.com/kiefer-technic-showroom-has-mind-blowing-dancing-facade/kiefertechnic_8/
- https://gatornin.netlify.app/kiefer-technic-showroom-pdf.html
- http://moremorexless.blogspot.com/2017/01/kiefer-technic-showroom-dynamic-facade.html
- http://arcdog.com/portfolio/sdu-university-of-southern-denmark-campus-kolding/
- Ahmadi J, Mahdavinejad M, Asadi S. Folded double-skin façade (DSF): in-depth evaluation of fold influence on the thermal and flow performance in naturally ventilated channels. International Journal of Sustainable Energy. 2021 Jun 16:1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2021.1941019
- Talaei M, Mahdavinejad M, Azari R, Haghighi HM, Atashdast A. Thermal and energy performance of a user-responsive microalgae bioreactive façade for climate adaptability. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2022 Aug 1;52:101894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101894
- Askari A, Mahdavinejad M, Ansari M. Investigation of displacement ventilation performance under various room configurations using computational fluid dynamics simulation. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. 2022 May 7;43(5):627–643. https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244221097312
- Saadatjoo P, Mahdavinejad M, Zhang G, Vali K. Influence of permeability ratio on wind-driven ventilation and cooling load of mid-rise buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021 Jul 1;70:102894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102894
- Bazazzadeh H, Pilechiha P, Nadolny A, Mahdavinejad M, Hashemi Safaei SS. The Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Building Energy Consumption in Poland. Energies. 2021 July 06;14(14):4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144084
- Goharian A, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Daneshjoo K. Designerly optimization of devices (as reflectors) to improve daylight and scrutiny of the light-well’s configuration. Building Simulation. 2021 Oct 9 (pp. 1-24). Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0839-y
- Fallahtafti R, Mahdavinejad M. Optimisation of building shape and orientation for better energy efficient architecture. International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 2015 Nov 2; 9(4): 593-618. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-09-2014-0001
- Hadianpour M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Nasrollahi F. Seasonal differences of subjective thermal sensation and neutral temperature in an outdoor shaded space in Tehran, Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2018 May 1; 39: 751-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.003
- Ahmadi J, Mahdavinejad M, Larsen OK, Zhang C, Zarkesh A, Asadi S. Evaluating the different boundary conditions to simulate airflow and heat transfer in Double-Skin Facade. In Building Simulation 2022 May;15(5):799-815. Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0824-5
- Fallahtafti R, Mahdavinejad M. Window geometry impact on a room's wind comfort. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. 2021 Mar 24;28(9):2381-2410. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2020-0075
- Saadatjoo P, Mahdavinejad M, Zhang G. A study on terraced apartments and their natural ventilation performance in hot and humid regions. Building Simulation. 2018 Apr 1;11(2):359-372. Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-017-0407-7
- Hadianpour M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Haghshenas M, Kordjamshidi M. Effects of windward and leeward wind directions on outdoor thermal and wind sensation in Tehran. Building and Environment. 2019 Mar 1;150:164-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.053
- Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M, Pourghasemian MH. A new design to create natural ventilation in buildings: Wind chimney. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022 Aug 22:105041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105041
References
Ji R, Zheng Y, Zou Z, Wei S, Qu S. Climate Applicability Study of Building Envelopes Containing Phase Change Materials. International Journal of Energy Research. 2019 July 4; 43(13): 7397-7408. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4772
Wang Y, Wei C. Design Optimization of Office Building Envelope Based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm for Energy Conservation. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021 March; 35: 102048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102048
Theodosiou T, Tsikaloudaki K, Tsoka S, Chastas P. Thermal Bridging Problems on Advance Cladding Systems and Smart Building Facades. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019 March 20; 214: 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.286
Ghaffarianhoseini A, Ghaffarianhoseini A, Berardi U, Tookey J, Hin Wa Li D, Kariminia S. Exploring the Advantages and Challenges of Double-Skin Facades (DSFs). Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016 July; 60: 1052-1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.130
Kim D, Cox S.J, Cho H, Yoon J. Comparative Investigation on Building Energy Performance of Double Skin Façade (DSF) with Interior or Exterior Slat Blinds. Journal of Building Engineering. 2018 November; 20: 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.08.012
Barbosa S, Lp K. Perspectives of Double Skin Facades for Naturally Ventilated Buildings: A Review. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014 December; 40: 1019-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.192
Li Y, Darkwa J, Su W. Investigation on Thermal Performance of an Integrated Phase Change Material Blind System for Double Skin Façade Buildings. Journal of Energy Procedia. 2019 February; 158: 5116-5123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.688
Samadi S, Noorzai E, Beltrán L, Abbasi S. A Computational Approach for Achieving Optimum Daylight Inside Buildings through Automated Kinetic Shading Systems. Journal of Frontiers of Architectural Research. 2020 June 1; 9(2): 335 - 349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.10.004
Choi H, Hong S, Choi A, Sung M. Toward the Accuracy of Prediction for Energy Savings Potential and System Performance Using the Daylight Responsive Dimming System. Journal of Energy and Buildings. 2016 December 1; 133: 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.042https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.042
Kirimtat A, Krejcar O. Multi-objective Optimization at the Conceptual Design Phase of an Office Room through Evolutionary Computation. In: Mouhoub M, Sadaoui S, Ait Mohamed O, Ali M (eds). Recent Trends and Future Technology in Applied Intelligence. IEA/AIE 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2018 May 30; 10868: 679-684. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92058-0_65
Mahdavinejad M, Matoor S, Feyzmand ., Doroodgar A. Horizontal Distribution of Illuminance with Reference to Window Wall Ration (WWR) in Office Buildings in Hot and Dry Climates, Case of Iran, Tehran. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2011 October; 110-116: 72-76. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.110-116.72
Torcellini P, Pless S, Deru M, Crawley D. Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Look at the Definition. National Laboratory of the US Department of Energy. Proceedings of the ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, 14-18 August 2006, Pacific Grove, California. www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39833.pdf
Pilechiha P, Mahdavinejad M, Pour Rahimian F, Carnemolla P, Seyedzadeh S. Multi-objective Optimization Framework for Designing Office Windows: Quality of View, Daylight and Energy Efficiency. Journal of Applied Energy. 2020 March 1; 261: 114356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114356
Nabil A, Mardaljevic J. Useful Daylight Illuminance: A New Paradigm for Assessing Daylight in Buildings. Journal of Lighting Research and Technology. 2005 March 1; 37(1): 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1191%2F1365782805li128oa
Kirimtat A, Koyunbaba B.k, Chatzikonstantinou I, Sariliyildiz S. Review of Simulation Modeling for Shading Devices in Buildings. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016 January; 53: 23-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.020
Wagdy A, Fathy F. A Parametric Approach for Achieving Optimum Daylighting Performance through Solar Screens in Desert Climates. Journal of Building Engineering. 2015 September 1; 3: 155-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2015.07.007
Johnsen K, Watkins R. Daylight in Buildings: A Source Book on Daylighting Systems and Components. ECBCS Annex 29/SHC Task 21 Project Summary Report. 2010. https://www.iea-ebc.org/Data/publications/EBC_Annex_29_PSR.pdf
Alawadhi E.M. Double Solar Screens for Window to Control Sunlight in Kuwait. Journal of Building and Environment. 2018 October 15; 144: 392-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.08.058
Bellia L, Marino C, Minichiello F, Pedace A. An Overview on Solar Shading Systems for Buildings. Journal of Energy Procedia. 2014 June; 62: 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.392
Eltaweel A, Su Y. Controlling Venetian Blinds Based on Parametric Design; Via Implementing Grasshopper’s Plugins: A Case Study of an Office Building in Cairo. Journal of Energy and Buildings. 2017 March 15; 139: 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.075
https://architizer.com/idea/733016/
https://inhabitat.com/kiefer-technic-showroom-has-mind-blowing-dancing-facade/kiefertechnic_8/
https://gatornin.netlify.app/kiefer-technic-showroom-pdf.html
http://moremorexless.blogspot.com/2017/01/kiefer-technic-showroom-dynamic-facade.html
http://arcdog.com/portfolio/sdu-university-of-southern-denmark-campus-kolding/
Ahmadi J, Mahdavinejad M, Asadi S. Folded double-skin façade (DSF): in-depth evaluation of fold influence on the thermal and flow performance in naturally ventilated channels. International Journal of Sustainable Energy. 2021 Jun 16:1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2021.1941019
Talaei M, Mahdavinejad M, Azari R, Haghighi HM, Atashdast A. Thermal and energy performance of a user-responsive microalgae bioreactive façade for climate adaptability. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2022 Aug 1;52:101894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101894
Askari A, Mahdavinejad M, Ansari M. Investigation of displacement ventilation performance under various room configurations using computational fluid dynamics simulation. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. 2022 May 7;43(5):627–643. https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244221097312
Saadatjoo P, Mahdavinejad M, Zhang G, Vali K. Influence of permeability ratio on wind-driven ventilation and cooling load of mid-rise buildings. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021 Jul 1;70:102894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102894
Bazazzadeh H, Pilechiha P, Nadolny A, Mahdavinejad M, Hashemi Safaei SS. The Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Building Energy Consumption in Poland. Energies. 2021 July 06;14(14):4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144084
Goharian A, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Daneshjoo K. Designerly optimization of devices (as reflectors) to improve daylight and scrutiny of the light-well’s configuration. Building Simulation. 2021 Oct 9 (pp. 1-24). Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0839-y
Fallahtafti R, Mahdavinejad M. Optimisation of building shape and orientation for better energy efficient architecture. International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 2015 Nov 2; 9(4): 593-618. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-09-2014-0001
Hadianpour M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Nasrollahi F. Seasonal differences of subjective thermal sensation and neutral temperature in an outdoor shaded space in Tehran, Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2018 May 1; 39: 751-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.003
Ahmadi J, Mahdavinejad M, Larsen OK, Zhang C, Zarkesh A, Asadi S. Evaluating the different boundary conditions to simulate airflow and heat transfer in Double-Skin Facade. In Building Simulation 2022 May;15(5):799-815. Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-021-0824-5
Fallahtafti R, Mahdavinejad M. Window geometry impact on a room's wind comfort. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. 2021 Mar 24;28(9):2381-2410. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2020-0075
Saadatjoo P, Mahdavinejad M, Zhang G. A study on terraced apartments and their natural ventilation performance in hot and humid regions. Building Simulation. 2018 Apr 1;11(2):359-372. Tsinghua University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-017-0407-7
Hadianpour M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Haghshenas M, Kordjamshidi M. Effects of windward and leeward wind directions on outdoor thermal and wind sensation in Tehran. Building and Environment. 2019 Mar 1;150:164-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.053
Shaeri J, Mahdavinejad M, Pourghasemian MH. A new design to create natural ventilation in buildings: Wind chimney. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022 Aug 22:105041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105041