The important factors of Saudi Arabian policy-making in renewable energy resources
Corresponding Author(s) : Rahmat Hajimineh
Future Energy,
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): May 2023 Issue
Abstract
There is no doubt that Saudi Arabia exports the most oil. The country has considered notable investments in Renewable Energy to diversify its economy and decrease dependence on oil export. The research aims to analyze the key factors that have influenced Saudi Arabia's renewable energy policy. The main question of our article is: What are the influential factors in Saudi Arabia's energy policy on renewable energy sources? In response, the research hypothesizes that the growing energy consumption of Saudi Arabia and its favorable geographical location for renewable energy production caused the country to invest in renewable energy for its energy mix, economy, and carbon emission reductions. To investigate the research hypothesis, we have used the theoretical framework of energy security by Benjamin Sovacool. The findings show that Saudi Arabia’s capital investments in renewable energy provide opportunities for the government to create a modern industry that creates jobs and revenue with the support of the private sector. Furthermore, industries and residences use renewable energy for electricity. Therefore, renewable energy has decreased fossil fuel dependence and diversification of the country's energy mix consumption. Data are collected through the library method. The analysis method is descriptive.
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- EIA (Energy Information Administration) https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/geothermal/
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References
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Waheed, R., Sarwar, S., & Dignah, A. (2020). The role of non-oil exports, tourism and renewable energy to achieve sustainable economic growth: What we learn from the experience of Saudi Arabia. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 55, 49–58. At; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2020.06.005
Al-Saidi, M. (2022). Energy transition in Saudi Arabia: Giant leap or necessary adjustment for a large carbon economy? Energy Reports, 8, 312–318. At: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.015
Mosly, I., & Makki, A. (2018). Current Status and Willingness to Adopt Renewable Energy Technologies in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 10(11), 4269. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114269
Abubakar, I. R., & Dano, U. L. (2019). Sustainable urban planning strategies for mitigating climate change in Saudi Arabia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22(6), 5129–5152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00417-1
Al-Douri, Y., Waheeb, S. A., & Voon, C. H. (2019). Review of the renewable energy outlook in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 11(1), 015906. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5058184
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Tlili, I. (2014). Renewable energy in Saudi Arabia: current status and future potentials. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 17(4), 859–886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-014-9579-9
Barhoumi, E.M., Okonkwo, P.C., Zghaibeh, M. et al. Renewable energy resources and workforce case study Saudi Arabia: review and recommendations. J Therm Anal Calorim 141, 221–230 (2020). At: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-09189-2
Sovacool, B. K. (2012). Energy security: challenges and needs. WIREs Energy and Environment, 1(1), 51–59. At: https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.13
Sovacool, B. K. (2010). The Routledge Handbook of Energy Security (Routledge International Handbooks) (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9780415721639. Published February 5, 2014 by Routledge, 464 Pages
Novikau, A. (2019). Conceptualizing and achieving energy security: The case of Belarus. Energy Strategy Reviews, 26, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100408
Fang, D., Shi, S., & Yu, Q. (2018). Evaluation of Sustainable Energy Security and an Empirical Analysis of China. Sustainability, 10(5). At: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051685
Shove, E. (2017). What is wrong with energy efficiency? Building Research & Information, 46(7), 779–789. At: https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2017.1361746
Sovacool, B. K., & Brown, M. A. (2010, November 21). Competing Dimensions of Energy Security: An International Perspective. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35(1), 77–108. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-042509-143035
Brown, M. A., Wang, Y., Sovacool, B. K., & D’Agostino, A. L. (2014). Forty years of energy security trends: A comparative assessment of 22 industrialized countries. Energy Research & Social Science, 4, 64–77. At: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2014.08.008
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Infoplease. (2022, March 24). Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from https://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/saudi-arabia
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Solargis. (2020). Solar resource maps of Saudi Arabia. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/saudi-arabia
Almasoud, A., & Gandayh, H. M. (2015). Future of solar energy in Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 27(2), 153–157. At: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2014.03.007
Allhibi, H., Chowdhury, H., Zaid, M., Loganathan, B., & Alam, F. (2019). Prospect of wind energy utilization in Saudi Arabia: A review. Energy Procedia, 160, 746–751. At: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.184
AlGhamdi, S. A., Abdel-Latif, A. M., Abd El-Kawi, O. S., & Abouelatta, O. B. (2022). Analysis of Wind Speed Data and Wind Energy Potential for Seven Selected Locations in KSA. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 10(04), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2022.104001
Abdelaziz Mohamed, M., & Eltamaly, A. M. (2017, August 4). Modeling of Hybrid Renewable Energy System. Modeling and Simulation of Smart Grid Integrated With Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64795-1_2
EIA (Energy Information Administration) https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/geothermal/
Zohbi, G. A., & AlAmri, F. G. (2020). Current Situation of Renewable Energy in Saudi Arabia: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Sustainable Development, 13(2), 98–119. At: https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n2p98
https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/169.htm
Aboud, E., Qaddah, A., Harbi, H., & Alqahtani, F. (2021). Geothermal Resources Database in Saudi Arabia (GRDiSA): GIS model and geothermal favorability map. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(2), 1-10. At: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06426-z
Zeidane, Z. (2022, August). Country report: SAUDI ARABIA (No. 22/275). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2022/08/11/Saudi-Arabia-Selected-Issues-522192
Tazay, A. (2020). Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy Supply Options for University Buildings in Saudi Arabia. Open Engineering, 11(1), 39–55. At: https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0005U.S.
Salah, M. M., Abo-khalil, A. G., & Praveen, R. (2021). Wind speed characteristics and energy potential for selected sites in Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 33(2), 119–128. At: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2019.12.006
Esen, Ömer y BAYRAK, Metin.Does more energy consumption support economic growth in net energy-importing countries. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science [online]. 2017, vol.22, n.42, pp.75-98. ISSN 2077-1886.
BP. (2022). BP Energy Outlook: 2022 edition. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/saudi-arabia-population/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111941
https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2011.569466
https://www.sama.gov.sa/en-US/EconomicReports/Pages/report.aspx?cid=126
https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.11.013
https://knoema.com/atlas/Saudi-Arabia/CO2-emissions
https://ksa-climate.com/making-a-difference/nrep/
https://www.iea.org/policies/14658-saudi-national-renewable-energy-program-nrep
https://www.power-technology.com/projects/sakaka-photovoltaic-solar-project/
Ellichipuram, U. (2021, August 9). Dumat Al Jandal wind farm in Saudi Arabia starts production. Power Technology. https://www.power-technology.com/news/dumat-al-jandal-wind/
NS Energy. (2021, August 12). Dumat Al Jandal Wind Farm, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia. https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/dumat-al-jandal-wind-farm/
Argaam. (2022, July 25). Saudi Arabia plans to add 15 GWs of renewable energy projects in 2022, 2023: S&P Global. ArgaamPlus. https://www.argaam.com/en/article/articledetail/id/1576240
Paszkowska-Kaczmarek, N. (2021). The Line – The Saudi-Arabian Linear City Concept as the Prototype of Future Cities. Architecturae Et Artibus, 13(2), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.24427/aea-2021-vol13-no2-03
Al-sayed, A., Al-shammari, F., Alshutayri, A., Aljojo, N., Aldhahri, E., & Abouola, O. (2022, March 14). The Smart City-Line in Saudi Arabia: Issue and Challenges. Postmodern Openings, 13(1 Sup1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/13.1sup1/412
IEA (2020), Renewable energy market update, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/renewable-energy-market-update
Al Yousif, M. A. (2020, July 30). Renewable Energy Challenges and Opportunities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 12(9), 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n9p1
https://regenpower.com/articles/what-are-the-problems-faced-by-renewable-energy/
Salim, A. M., & Alsyouf, I. (2020, April 4). Development of renewable energy in the GCC region: status and challenges. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 14(6), 1049–1071. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2019-0012