The expansion of BRICS and its impact on the use of renewable energy sources: a case study of hydrogen energy
Corresponding Author(s) : Rahamat Hajimineh
Future Energy,
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): February 2026 Issue
Abstract
Considering the increasing energy needs and environmental challenges in the world, BRICS members have also put in place a policy of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and moving towards more sustainable energy sources. This study aims to investigate the role and impact of the expansion of this bloc on the development and use of renewable energies, with a special focus on hydrogen energy. In this article, the combined method (quantitative and qualitative) and the theoretical framework of sustainable development and energy transition have been employed. Based on the results, BRICS can play an important role in accelerating the development of hydrogen energy by using policies such as knowledge and technology exchange between member countries, increasing investment in research and development of hydrogen energy, and financing hydrogen energy production infrastructure projects by the new BRICS Development Bank.
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- Anadon L, Nemet G. Energy Technology Innovation: Learning from Historical Successes and Failures. 2014.
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- Mitchell T. Carbon Democracy: Political Power in the Age of Oil 2011. ISBN-13: 978-1-84467-745-0
- Sovacool BK, Heffron RJ, McCauley D, Goldthau A. Energy decisions reframed as justice and ethical concerns. Nature Energy. 2016;1(5):1-6.
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Chang C-L, Fang M. Renewable energy-led growth hypothesis: New insights from BRICS and N-11 economies. Renewable Energy. 2022;188:788-800.
Khare V, Jain A, Bhuiyan MA. Perspective of renewable energy in the BRICS country. E-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy. 2023;5:100250.
Sachan A, Sahu UK, Pradhan AK, Thomas R. Examining the drivers of renewable energy consumption: Evidence from BRICS nations. Renewable Energy. 2023;202:1402-11.
Dong C, Wu H, Zhou J, Lin H, Chang L. Role of renewable energy investment and geopolitical risk in green finance development: Empirical evidence from BRICS countries. Renewable Energy. 2023;207:234-41.
Geels FW. Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research policy. 2002;31(8-9):1257-74.
Anadon L, Nemet G. Energy Technology Innovation: Learning from Historical Successes and Failures. 2014.
Arthur WB. Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. The economic journal. 1989;99(394):116-31.
Mitchell T. Carbon Democracy: Political Power in the Age of Oil 2011. ISBN-13: 978-1-84467-745-0
Sovacool BK, Heffron RJ, McCauley D, Goldthau A. Energy decisions reframed as justice and ethical concerns. Nature Energy. 2016;1(5):1-6.
global oil production in barrels per day 2023 [Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/265203/global-oil-production-in-barrels-per-day/.
Energy EI-SRoW. Global primary energy consumption by source 2025 [
Jolly WL. hydrogen chemical element 2025 [Available from: https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrogen.
Baykara SZ. Hydrogen: A brief overview on its sources, production and environmental impact. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018;43(23):10605-14.
energy explained hydrogen colour spectrum 2024 [Available from: https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/energy-explained/hydrogen-colour-spectrum
number of green hydrogen plants by country 2024 [Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1311948/number-of-green-hydrogen-plants-by-country/2024
Pareek A, Dom R, Gupta J, Chandran J, Adepu V, Borse PH. Insights into renewable hydrogen energy: Recent advances and prospects. Materials Science for Energy Technologies. 2020;3:319-27.
2021 - BRICS Energy Ministers Communiqué.pdf: http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs/210902-energy.pdf
Tiseo I. Distribution of carbon dioxide emissions produced by the transportation sector worldwide in 2024 2025 [Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1185535/transport-carbon-dioxide-emissions-breakdown/.
Jahanger A, Usman M, Murshed M, Mahmood H, Balsalobre-Lorente D. The linkages between natural resources, human capital, globalization, economic growth, financial development, and ecological footprint: The moderating role of technological innovations. Resources policy. 2022;76:102569.
Udeagha MC, Ngepah N. Does trade openness mitigate the environmental degradation in South Africa? Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022;29(13):19352-77.
(EDGAR) EDfGAR. CO2 Emissions by Country 2024 [Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/co2-emissions/co2-emissions-by-country/.
Renewable Energy Consumption of BRICS during 2023 [Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/energy/country/brazil?country=BRA~RUS~IND~CHN~ZAF.
Hub SK. BRICS Declaration calls for full implementation of Paris Agreement and 2030 Agenda. International Institute for Sustainable Development https://sdg iisd org/news/brics-declarationcalls-for-full-implementation-of-paris-agreement-and-2030-agenda/ Accessed. 2020;8.
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Xinhua. Government Work Report 2019 [Available from: https://english.www.gov.cn/premier/speeches/2019/03/16/content_281476565265580.htm.
Agency IE. Sinopec Green Hydrogen Plant 2022 [Available from: https://www.iea.org/policies/15044-sinopec-green-hydrogen-plant.
Africa S. South Africa's Low Emission Development Strategy 2050 2020 [Available from: https://unfccc.int/documents/253724.
Green Hydrogen in South Africa 2025 [Available from: https://resourcehub.bakermckenzie.com/en/resources/hydrogen-heat-map/emea/south-africa/topics/hydrogen-developments.
Innovation DoSa. South_African_Hydrogen_Society_RoadmapV1.pdf 2021 [Available from: https://www.dst.gov.za/images/South_African_Hydrogen_Society_RoadmapV1.pdf.
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National Hydrogen Strategy 2024 [Available from: https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards/strategies-plans-and-visions/environment-and-energy/national-hydrogen-strategy.
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