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Abstract

Based on a combined approach of Analytic Hierarchy Process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, this study constructs a rural landscape evaluation system for the Hong Fanchi Spring area in Jinan, China. The research aims to systematically evaluate the cultural landscape quality, identify key factors affecting landscape value, and propose targeted protection strategies. Through literature review, expert interviews (n=18), and the Delphi method, a four-level hierarchical evaluation framework was established with 4 criterion-layer and 14 sub-criterion-layer indicators. Data collected from 389 valid questionnaires across six towns were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Results revealed an overall cultural landscape evaluation score of 2.77 (on a 5-point scale), indicating below-average quality and considerable room for improvement. Among the four landscape types evaluated, Village Cultural Landscape ranked highest (2.80), followed by Planting Cultural Landscape (2.79), Religious Cultural Landscape (2.77), and Spring Water Cultural Landscape (2.75). The study identified cultural value (weight: 30.61%) and historical value (28.28%) as the most influential indicators, while public recognition (C9) demonstrated the greatest variation across landscape types. Based on these findings, six targeted recommendations are proposed, including classified protection priorities, enhanced community participation, improved legal frameworks, cultural-economic integration, strengthened environmental management, and promotion of sustainable development practices. This evaluation framework provides a reference model for other rural cultural landscape assessments and management strategies.

Keywords

Cultural landscape evaluation Analytic hierarchy process Rural heritage management Landscape protection Spring water ecosystem

Article Details

Author Biographies

Yangrui Wu, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Yangrui Wu is a PhD student at the College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, where her primary research focuses on cultural landscape heritage. Her doctoral research is titled Adapting Cultural Ecology in Contemporary China's Rural Landscape Preservation: Case Study of Hongfanchi Spring Basin Cultural Landscape. Additionally, she has published a paper titled Quantifying the Impact of Geomorphic and Topographic Evolution on the Environmental Planning of Spring Water Resources. Yangrui Wu can be reached via email at 2020444902@student.uitm.edu.my.

 Raziah Ahmad, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 Raziah Ahmad (Ph.D) is a senior lecturer in Landscape Architecture at the College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Malaysia. Her research interests include cultural landscapes, heritage conservation, and urban planning and design. She authored the book Cultural Landscape as Heritage in Malaysia, which emphasizes the preservation potential of ordinary rural landscapes in Peninsular Malaysia. Her other publications cover smell mapping, marketplace identity, and interstitial spaces in urban areas, highlighting her dedication to advancing landscape architecture and enhancing our understanding of cultural landscapes in sustainable urban development. She can be reached via email at razia841@uitm.edu.my. 

Amalina Mohd Fauzi, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Study of Postgraduate, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Chen Ma, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Chen Ma is a PhD student at the College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, where her primary research focuses on traditional cultural heritage. Her doctoral research is titled 
adapting confucian principles for contemporary learning spaces in qufu, china: developing guidelines for interior design.

How to Cite
Wu, Y., Ahmad, Raziah, Fauzi, A. M., & Ma, C. (2025). Rural cultural landscape evaluation system based on analytic hierarchy process: a case study of Hong Fanchi Spring. Future Technology, 4(3), 1–9. Retrieved from https://fupubco.com/futech/article/view/329
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