Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to present an economically feasible and environmental-friendly hybrid energy system that does not connect to the grid. In Cambodia, many rural areas are facing insufficient power supply problems and need more electricity supply. So, the designed system in this research can supply electric power to a community with 30 households in Krong Kracheh, Kratie Province, Cambodia. Three different designs of hybrid systems are considered. The first design is a hybrid system with PV modules, a diesel generator, and a battery. The second design is a hybrid system including a wind turbine, PV modules, diesel generator, and battery, and finally, a hybrid system that contains a wind turbine, diesel generator, and battery as the third design. According to the simulation results, the first configuration is the best design compared to the other two scenarios as it is the most cost-effective. The Present Net Cost, Cost of Energy, and system operating cost is 46,866 $, 0.268 $/kWh, and 2,327 $/yr, respectively. Besides, it has a total of 4,496.29 kg/yr pollutants emitted, which is less than the third configuration but more than the second configuration. The production of electricity for the first configuration is 23,820 kWh/yr, with a renewable fraction of 65.2%.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Wimalaratna, Y. P., Hassan, A., Afrouzi, H. N., Mehranzamir, K., Ahmed, J., Siddique, B. M., & Liew, S. C. Comprehensive review on the feasibility of developing wave energy as a renewable energy resource in Australia. Cleaner Energy Systems, 100021, 2022.
- Cheng, B. W. Z., Mehranzamir, K., Afrouzi, H. N., & Hassan, A. Feasibility analysis and economic viability of standalone hybrid Systems for Marudi Electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia. Future Energy, 1(2), 28-45, 2022.
- "Cambodia - Countries & Regions," IEA, Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.iea.org/countries/cambodia (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
- B. K. Das and F. Zaman, "Performance analysis of a PV/Diesel hybrid system for a remote area in Bangladesh: Effects of dispatch strategies, batteries, and generator selection," energy, vol. 169, pp. 263–276, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.014.
- J. Li, P. Liu, and Z. Li, "Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a solar-wind-biomass off-grid hybrid power system for remote rural electrification: A case study of west China," Energy, vol. 208, p. 118387, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118387.
- C. Li, D. Zhou, H. Wang, H. Cheng, and D. Li, "Feasibility assessment of a hybrid PV/diesel/battery power system for a housing estate in the severe cold zone—A case study of Harbin, China," energy, vol. 185, pp. 671–681, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.079.
- A. Ajlan, C. W. Tan, and A. M. Abdilahi, "Assessment of environmental and economic perspectives for renewable-based hybrid power system in Yemen," Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 75, pp. 559–570, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.024.
- M. A. Baseer, A. Alqahtani, and S. Rehman, "Techno-economic design and evaluation of hybrid energy systems for residential communities: Case study of Jubail industrial city," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 237, p. 117806, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117806.
- O. D. T. Odou, R. Bhandari, and R. Adamou, "Hybrid off-grid renewable power system for sustainable rural electrification in Benin," Renew. Energy, vol. 145, pp. 1266–1279, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.032.
- O. Krishan and S. Suhag, "Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system for an energy poor rural community," J. Energy Storage, vol. 23, pp. 305–319, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2019.04.002.
- K. Murugaperumal and P. Ajay D Vimal Raj, "Feasibility design and techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification," Sol. Energy, vol. 188, pp. 1068–1083, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.008.
- M. R. Elkadeem, S. Wang, S. W. Sharshir, and E. G. Atia, "Feasibility analysis and techno-economic design of grid-isolated hybrid renewable energy system for electrification of agriculture and irrigation area: A case study in Dongola, Sudan," Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 196, pp. 1453–1478, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.06.085.
- A. C. Duman and Ö. Güler, "Techno-economic analysis of off-grid PV/wind/fuel cell hybrid system combinations with a comparison of regularly and seasonally occupied households," Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 42, pp. 107–126, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.06.029.
- M. Haratian, P. Tabibi, M. Sadeghi, B. Vaseghi, and A. Poustdouz, "A renewable energy solution for standalone power generation: A case study of KhshU Site-Iran," Renew. Energy, vol. 125, pp. 926–935, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.078.
- D. Guangqian, K. Bekhrad, P. Azarikhah, and A. Maleki, "A hybrid algorithm based optimization on modeling of grid independent biodiesel-based hybrid solar/wind systems," Renew. Energy, vol. 122, pp. 551–560, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.021.
- L. M. Halabi, S. Mekhilef, L. Olatomiwa, and J. Hazelton, "Performance analysis of hybrid PV/diesel/battery system using HOMER: A case study Sabah, Malaysia,"Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 144, pp. 322–339, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.070.
- M. Hossain, S. Mekhilef, and L. Olatomiwa, "Performance evaluation of a standalone PV-wind-diesel-battery hybrid system feasible for a large resort center in South China Sea, Malaysia," Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 28, pp. 358–366, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2016.10.008.
- M. K. Shahzad, A. Zahid, T. ur Rashid, M. A. Rehan, M. Ali, and M. Ahmad, "Techno-economic feasibility analysis of a solar-biomass off grid system for the electrification of remote rural areas in Pakistan using HOMER software," Renew. Energy, vol. 106, pp. 264–273, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.01.033.
- A. Yahiaoui, K. Benmansour, and M. Tadjine, "Control, analysis and optimization of hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery systems for isolated rural city in Algeria," Sol. Energy, vol. 137, pp. 1–10, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.07.050.
- A. Haghighat Mamaghani, S. A. Avella Escandon, B. Najafi, A. Shirazi, and F. Rinaldi, "Techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic, wind, diesel and hybrid electrification systems for off-grid rural electrification in Colombia," Renew. Energy, vol. 97, pp. 293–305, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.086.
- S. Salehin, M. T. Ferdaous, R. M. Chowdhury, S. S. Shithi, M. S. R. B. Rofi, and M. A. Mohammed, "Assessment of renewable energy systems combining techno-economic optimization with energy scenario analysis," energy, vol. 112, pp. 729–741, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.110.
- Sk. A. Shezan et al., "Performance analysis of an off-grid wind-PV (photovoltaic)-diesel-battery hybrid energy system feasible for remote areas," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 125, pp. 121–132, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.014.
- M. L. Kolhe, K. M. I. U. Ranaweera, and A. G. B. S. Gunawardana, "Techno-economic sizing of off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification in Sri Lanka," Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 11, pp. 53–64, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2015.03.008.
- “Peimar_EN_SG310M(FB).pdf.” Accessed: Dec. 07, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.peimar.com/datasheet/Peimar_EN_SG310M(FB).pdf.
- “Gaia-Wind_133_Datasheet_2014.pdf.” Accessed: Dec. 07, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.gaia-wind.com/storage/app/images/downloads/Gaia-Wind_133_Datasheet_2014.pdf.
- "How HOMER Creates the Generator Efficiency Curve." https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/3.11/how_homer_creates_the_generator_efficiency_curve.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
- “2VRE-1600TG_1.pdf.” Accessed: Dec. 07, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.harrisbattery.com/sites/default/files/product_pdfs/2VRE-1600TG_1.pdf.
- "Welcome to HOMER," Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/index.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
- "Capital Recovery Factor," Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/capital_recovery_factor.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
- "Real Discount Rate," Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/real_discount_rate.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
- "Why Would I Do a Sensitivity Analysis?," Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/why_would_i_do_a_sensitivity_analysis.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
References
Wimalaratna, Y. P., Hassan, A., Afrouzi, H. N., Mehranzamir, K., Ahmed, J., Siddique, B. M., & Liew, S. C. Comprehensive review on the feasibility of developing wave energy as a renewable energy resource in Australia. Cleaner Energy Systems, 100021, 2022.
Cheng, B. W. Z., Mehranzamir, K., Afrouzi, H. N., & Hassan, A. Feasibility analysis and economic viability of standalone hybrid Systems for Marudi Electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia. Future Energy, 1(2), 28-45, 2022.
"Cambodia - Countries & Regions," IEA, Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.iea.org/countries/cambodia (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
B. K. Das and F. Zaman, "Performance analysis of a PV/Diesel hybrid system for a remote area in Bangladesh: Effects of dispatch strategies, batteries, and generator selection," energy, vol. 169, pp. 263–276, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.014.
J. Li, P. Liu, and Z. Li, "Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of a solar-wind-biomass off-grid hybrid power system for remote rural electrification: A case study of west China," Energy, vol. 208, p. 118387, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118387.
C. Li, D. Zhou, H. Wang, H. Cheng, and D. Li, "Feasibility assessment of a hybrid PV/diesel/battery power system for a housing estate in the severe cold zone—A case study of Harbin, China," energy, vol. 185, pp. 671–681, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.079.
A. Ajlan, C. W. Tan, and A. M. Abdilahi, "Assessment of environmental and economic perspectives for renewable-based hybrid power system in Yemen," Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 75, pp. 559–570, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.024.
M. A. Baseer, A. Alqahtani, and S. Rehman, "Techno-economic design and evaluation of hybrid energy systems for residential communities: Case study of Jubail industrial city," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 237, p. 117806, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117806.
O. D. T. Odou, R. Bhandari, and R. Adamou, "Hybrid off-grid renewable power system for sustainable rural electrification in Benin," Renew. Energy, vol. 145, pp. 1266–1279, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.032.
O. Krishan and S. Suhag, "Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system for an energy poor rural community," J. Energy Storage, vol. 23, pp. 305–319, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2019.04.002.
K. Murugaperumal and P. Ajay D Vimal Raj, "Feasibility design and techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification," Sol. Energy, vol. 188, pp. 1068–1083, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.008.
M. R. Elkadeem, S. Wang, S. W. Sharshir, and E. G. Atia, "Feasibility analysis and techno-economic design of grid-isolated hybrid renewable energy system for electrification of agriculture and irrigation area: A case study in Dongola, Sudan," Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 196, pp. 1453–1478, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.06.085.
A. C. Duman and Ö. Güler, "Techno-economic analysis of off-grid PV/wind/fuel cell hybrid system combinations with a comparison of regularly and seasonally occupied households," Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 42, pp. 107–126, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.06.029.
M. Haratian, P. Tabibi, M. Sadeghi, B. Vaseghi, and A. Poustdouz, "A renewable energy solution for standalone power generation: A case study of KhshU Site-Iran," Renew. Energy, vol. 125, pp. 926–935, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.078.
D. Guangqian, K. Bekhrad, P. Azarikhah, and A. Maleki, "A hybrid algorithm based optimization on modeling of grid independent biodiesel-based hybrid solar/wind systems," Renew. Energy, vol. 122, pp. 551–560, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.021.
L. M. Halabi, S. Mekhilef, L. Olatomiwa, and J. Hazelton, "Performance analysis of hybrid PV/diesel/battery system using HOMER: A case study Sabah, Malaysia,"Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 144, pp. 322–339, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.070.
M. Hossain, S. Mekhilef, and L. Olatomiwa, "Performance evaluation of a standalone PV-wind-diesel-battery hybrid system feasible for a large resort center in South China Sea, Malaysia," Sustain. Cities Soc., vol. 28, pp. 358–366, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2016.10.008.
M. K. Shahzad, A. Zahid, T. ur Rashid, M. A. Rehan, M. Ali, and M. Ahmad, "Techno-economic feasibility analysis of a solar-biomass off grid system for the electrification of remote rural areas in Pakistan using HOMER software," Renew. Energy, vol. 106, pp. 264–273, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.01.033.
A. Yahiaoui, K. Benmansour, and M. Tadjine, "Control, analysis and optimization of hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery systems for isolated rural city in Algeria," Sol. Energy, vol. 137, pp. 1–10, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.07.050.
A. Haghighat Mamaghani, S. A. Avella Escandon, B. Najafi, A. Shirazi, and F. Rinaldi, "Techno-economic feasibility of photovoltaic, wind, diesel and hybrid electrification systems for off-grid rural electrification in Colombia," Renew. Energy, vol. 97, pp. 293–305, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.086.
S. Salehin, M. T. Ferdaous, R. M. Chowdhury, S. S. Shithi, M. S. R. B. Rofi, and M. A. Mohammed, "Assessment of renewable energy systems combining techno-economic optimization with energy scenario analysis," energy, vol. 112, pp. 729–741, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.110.
Sk. A. Shezan et al., "Performance analysis of an off-grid wind-PV (photovoltaic)-diesel-battery hybrid energy system feasible for remote areas," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 125, pp. 121–132, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.014.
M. L. Kolhe, K. M. I. U. Ranaweera, and A. G. B. S. Gunawardana, "Techno-economic sizing of off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification in Sri Lanka," Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess., vol. 11, pp. 53–64, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2015.03.008.
“Peimar_EN_SG310M(FB).pdf.” Accessed: Dec. 07, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.peimar.com/datasheet/Peimar_EN_SG310M(FB).pdf.
“Gaia-Wind_133_Datasheet_2014.pdf.” Accessed: Dec. 07, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.gaia-wind.com/storage/app/images/downloads/Gaia-Wind_133_Datasheet_2014.pdf.
"How HOMER Creates the Generator Efficiency Curve." https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/3.11/how_homer_creates_the_generator_efficiency_curve.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
“2VRE-1600TG_1.pdf.” Accessed: Dec. 07, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.harrisbattery.com/sites/default/files/product_pdfs/2VRE-1600TG_1.pdf.
"Welcome to HOMER," Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/index.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
"Capital Recovery Factor," Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/capital_recovery_factor.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
"Real Discount Rate," Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/real_discount_rate.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).
"Why Would I Do a Sensitivity Analysis?," Dec. 06, 2020. https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/why_would_i_do_a_sensitivity_analysis.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2020).