Main Article Content
Abstract
The arrival of power electronic devices for the control of loads has an effect on the Power Quality (PQ) at the utility grid’s distribution side. Meanwhile, PQ problems cause malfunctioning equipment, lost production time, loss of money for industry, inconvenience, and possible damage to household electrical appliances. Thus, the requirement for increased system efficiency is essential. Hence, this study proposes the control of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in conjunction with a Photovoltaic (PV) system. Shunt and series converters attached back-to-back via a shared DC-link make up the PV-UPQC system. Subsequently, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller reduces PQ problems and simplifies the control complexity. A Coupled quadratic Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) connects the PV system to UPQC, and the Cascaded Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System- Maximum Power Point Tracking (ANFIS-MPPT) technique enables the optimization of power extraction from PV sources. The developed approach is implemented using the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and its performance is evaluated for Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), sag, and swell. The results show that the control maintains THD within the B-phase THD of 3.97% and R and Y phase THDs of 4.82% and 4.86%, and also obtained a voltage gain ratio of 1:15; the output levels increase substantially with reduced voltage stresses on the switching devices.
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Article Details
References
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- C. Jiang and S. Zhang, “Power Quality Compensation Strategy of MMC-UPQC Based on Passive Sliding Mode Control,” In IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 3662-3679, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3229893
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- N. F. Ibrahim, M. M. Mahmoud, A. H. Al Thaiban, A. B. Barnawi, Z. S. Elbarbary, A. I. Omar and H. Abdelfattah, “Operation of grid-connected PV system with ANN-based MPPT and an optimized LCL filter using GRG algorithm for enhanced power quality,” IEEE Access, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3317980
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- Rudraram, Ramesh, Sasi Chinnathambi, and Manikandan Mani. "PV Integrated UPQC with Intelligent Control Techniques for Power Quality Enhancement." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, no. 1 (2023): 202-212.
- Asoh, Derek Ajesam, Brice Damien Noumsi, and Edwin Nyuysever Mbinkar. "Maximum power point tracking using the incremental conductance algorithm for PV systems operating in rapidly changing environmental conditions." Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 13, no. 5 (2022): 89-108.
- S. Ahmad, M. Nasir, J. Dąbrowski and J. M. Guerrero, “Improved topology of high voltage gain DC–DC converter with boost stages,” Int. J. Electron. Lett, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 342–354, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681724.2020.1744040
- A. Sarikhani, B. Allahverdinejad and M. Hamzeh, “A nonisolated buck– boost DC–DC converter with continuous input current for photovoltaic applications,” IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 804–811, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2020.2985844
- A. Kumar, Y. Wang, X. Pan, M. Raghuram, S. K. Singh, X. Xiong and A. K. Tripathi, “Switched-LC based high gain converter with lower component count,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 2816–2827, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2020.2980215
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References
S. J. Alam and S. R. Arya, “Control of UPQC based on steady state linear Kalman filter for compensation of power quality problems,” in Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 52-65, 2020. https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2020.000011
C. Jiang and S. Zhang, “Power Quality Compensation Strategy of MMC-UPQC Based on Passive Sliding Mode Control,” In IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 3662-3679, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3229893
K. Sarita, S. Kumar, A. S. Vardhan, R. M. Elavarasan, R. K. Saket, G. M. Shafiullah and E. Hossain, “Power Enhancement With Grid Stabilization of Renewable Energy-Based Generation System Using UPQC-FLC-EVA Technique,” in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 207443-207464, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3038313
S. R. Arya, S. J. Alam and P. Ray, “Optimized PI Gain in UPQC Control Based on Improved Zero Attracting Normalized LMS,” In CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 242-251, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2024.00007
S. K. Yadav, A. Patel and H. D. Mathur, “PSO-Based Online PI Tuning of UPQC-DG in Real-Time,” in IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 5, pp. 1419-1431, 2024. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10643265
J. Yu, Y. Xu, Y. Li and Q. Liu, “An Inductive Hybrid UPQC for Power Quality Management in Premium-Power-Supply-Required Applications,” In IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 113342-113354, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2999355
A. Fouad, H. Kotb, K. M. AboRas, H. B. ElRefaie, M. Alqarni, A. M. Baqasah and A. H. Yakout, “Enhancing Grid-Connected DFIG’s LVRT Capability Using Dandelion Optimizer Based the Hybrid Fractional-Order PI and PI Controlled STATCOM,” in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 120181-120197, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3427008
N. Abas, S. Dilshad, A. Khalid, M. S. Saleem and N. Khan, “Power Quality Improvement Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer,” In IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 164325-164339, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3022477
C. Gong, W. K. Sou and C. S. Lam, “H∞ optimal control design of static var compensator coupling hybrid active power filter based on harmonic state-space modeling,” CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 227-234, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2021.00021
K. H. Tan, M. Y. Li and X. Y. Weng, “Droop Controlled Microgrid With DSTATCOM for Reactive Power Compensation and Power Quality Improvement,” In IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 121602-121614, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3223352
R. Rudraram, S. Chinnathambi and M. Mani, “A Novel Intelligent Neural Network Techniques of UPQC with Integrated Solar PV System for Power Quality Enhancement,” International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 69, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2023.146514
S. S. Dheeban and N. B. Muthu Selvan, “ANFIS-based power quality improvement by photovoltaic integrated UPQC at distribution system,” IETE Journal of Research, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 2353-2371. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2021.1888325
K. S. Kavin, P. Subha Karuvelam, M. Devesh Raj and M. Sivasubramanian, “A Novel KSK Converter with Machine Learning MPPT for PV Applications,” Electric Power Components and Systems, pp. 1-19, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2024.2346806
K. Salim, M. Asif, F. Ali, A. Armghan, N. Ullah, A. S. Mohammad and A. A. Al Ahmadi, “Low-stress and optimum design of boost converter for renewable energy systems,” Micromachines, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1085, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071085
Z. Haider, A. Ulasyar, A. Khattak, H. S. Zad, A. Mohammad, A. A. Alahmadi and N. Ullah, “Development and analysis of a novel high-gain CUK converter using voltage-multiplier units,” Electronics, vol. 11, no. 17, pp. 2766, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172766
A. Prakash and C. Naveen, “Combined strategy for tuning sensor-less brushless DC motor using SEPIC converter to reduce torque ripple,” ISA transactions, vol. 133, pp. 328-344, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2022.06.045
K. S. Kavin, P. S. Karuvelam, M. Matcha and S. Vendoti, “Improved BRBFNN-based MPPT algorithm for coupled inductor KSK converter for sustainable PV system applications,” Electrical Engineering, pp. 1-23, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-025-02952-9
N. F. Ibrahim, M. M. Mahmoud, A. H. Al Thaiban, A. B. Barnawi, Z. S. Elbarbary, A. I. Omar and H. Abdelfattah, “Operation of grid-connected PV system with ANN-based MPPT and an optimized LCL filter using GRG algorithm for enhanced power quality,” IEEE Access, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3317980
K. Ullah, M. Ishaq, F. Tchier, H. Ahmad and Z. Ahmad, “Fuzzy-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system for photovoltaic power generation system,” Results in Engineering, vol. 20, pp. 101466, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101466
S. A. Ibrahim, A. Nasr and M. A. Enany, “Maximum power point tracking using ANFIS for a reconfigurable PV-based battery charger under non-uniform operating conditions,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 114457-114467, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3103039
Rudraram, Ramesh, Sasi Chinnathambi, and Manikandan Mani. "PV Integrated UPQC with Intelligent Control Techniques for Power Quality Enhancement." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, no. 1 (2023): 202-212.
Asoh, Derek Ajesam, Brice Damien Noumsi, and Edwin Nyuysever Mbinkar. "Maximum power point tracking using the incremental conductance algorithm for PV systems operating in rapidly changing environmental conditions." Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 13, no. 5 (2022): 89-108.
S. Ahmad, M. Nasir, J. Dąbrowski and J. M. Guerrero, “Improved topology of high voltage gain DC–DC converter with boost stages,” Int. J. Electron. Lett, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 342–354, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681724.2020.1744040
A. Sarikhani, B. Allahverdinejad and M. Hamzeh, “A nonisolated buck– boost DC–DC converter with continuous input current for photovoltaic applications,” IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 804–811, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2020.2985844
A. Kumar, Y. Wang, X. Pan, M. Raghuram, S. K. Singh, X. Xiong and A. K. Tripathi, “Switched-LC based high gain converter with lower component count,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 2816–2827, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2020.2980215
O. E Okwako, Z. H. Lin, M. Xin, K. Premkumar and A. J. Rodgers, “Neural network controlled solar PV battery powered unified power quality conditioner for grid connected operation,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 18, pp. 6825, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186825
E. Touti, M. Aoudia, C. H. Hussaian Basha, and I. M. Alrougy, "A Novel Design and Analysis Adaptive Hybrid ANFIS MPPT Controller for PEMFC‐Fed EV Systems," International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 2024, no. 1, pp. 5541124, 2024.