Evaluating zero-energy strategies in mixed-use buildings: a case study
Corresponding Author(s) : Hossein Yousefi
Future Energy,
2025: In Press
Abstract
The building sector is responsible for over 40% of global energy consumption, necessitating innovative strategies to minimize energy usage in both commercial and residential buildings, ultimately striving for zero-energy status. This study addresses the relatively overlooked area of zero-energy buildings within the context of a combined commercial-residential structure, utilizing Carrier (HAP) software for precise thermal and cooling load calculations. The research introduces a multifaceted approach, examining various scenarios that influence energy demand reduction, including wall color modifications, the application of noble gases for window insulation, shading effects, and technical innovations in window dimensions. Notably, this study emphasizes insulation as a cost-effective strategy for achieving zero-energy objectives, revealing that the optimal scenario incorporating krypton insulation, color adjustments, and effective shading achieves a significant 21.36% reduction in energy consumption. This research not only contributes novel insights into mixed-use building design but also provides a practical framework for future energy-efficient building projects.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Chwieduk, D., Towards sustainable-energy buildings. Applied energy, 2003. 76(1-3): p. 211-217.
- Ahmadi, S., et al., Reducing the share of electricity generation from fossil fuels by replacing renewable energies in rainy areas. 2023.
- Al-Homoud, M.S., The effectiveness of thermal insulation in different types of buildings in hot climates. Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science, 2004. 27(3): p. 235-247.
- Kazemi Pouran Badr, S., et al., Impact of insulation and building management systems on reducing energy consumption and Energy analysis of residential buildings. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 2020. 7(2): p. 5-23.
- Cao, X., X. Dai, and J. Liu, Building energy-consumption status worldwide and the state-of-the-art technologies for zero-energy buildings during the past decade. Energy and buildings, 2016. 128: p. 198-213.
- Cuce, P.M. and S. Riffat, A comprehensive review of heat recovery systems for building applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015. 47: p. 665-682.
- Svobodová, H. and P. Hlaváčková, Forest as a source of renewable material to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Journal of Forest Science, 2023.
- Radhi, H., A comparison of the accuracy of building energy analysis in Bahrain using data from different weather periods. Renewable Energy, 2009. 34(3): p. 869-875.
- Wynn, M. and O. Olayinka, E-business strategy in developing countries: A framework and checklist for the small business sector. Sustainability, 2021. 13(13): p. 7356.
- Wang, H., X. Xue, and C. Zhao, Performance Analysis on Combined Energy Supply System Based on Carnot Battery with Packed-Bed Thermal Energy Storage. Available at SSRN 4712077.
- Zahedi, R. and S. Gitifar, TRNSYS simulation of water heating system based on flat plate solar collector in Iranian climate. Journal of Renewable and New Energy, 2024. 11(2): p. 1-8.
- Aboutorabi, R.S.S., H. Yousefi, and M. Abdoos, A comparative analysis of the carbon footprint in green building materials: a case study of Norway. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2024: p. 1-22.
- Ramesh, G., Study on Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foam Concrete. Indian Journal of Structure Engineering (IJSE) Volume-1 Issue-1, 2021: p. 1-3.
- Ghoniem, A. and L. Aboul Nour, Experimental investigation into the properties of crumb rubberized concrete incorporating corrugated round steel fibers. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2024. 24(2): p. 1-16.
- Shahee, A., et al., Reducing the energy consumption of buildings by implementing insulation scenarios and using renewable energies. Energy Informatics, 2024. 7(1): p. 18.
- Zahedi, R., et al., Technical, economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture from thermal power plants and convert it into value added concrete material. Emergent Materials, 2024: p. 1-12.
- Felimban, A., et al., Assessment of current energy consumption in residential buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Buildings, 2019. 9(7): p. 163.
- Boemi, S.-N. and O. Irulegi, The Hotel Industry: Current Situation and Its Steps Beyond Sustainability. Energy Performance of Buildings: Energy Efficiency and Built Environment in Temperate Climates, 2015: p. 235-250.
- Baetens, R., et al., Assessing electrical bottlenecks at feeder level for residential net zero-energy buildings by integrated system simulation. Applied Energy, 2012. 96: p. 74-83.
- Nielsen, S. and B. Möller, Excess heat production of future net zero energy buildings within district heating areas in Denmark. Energy, 2012. 48(1): p. 23-31.
- Zahedi, R., et al., Thermal analysis model of a building equipped with green roof and its energy optimization. Nature-Based Solutions, 2023. 3: p. 100053.
- Abdous, M., et al., Design and analysis of zero-energy and carbon buildings with renewable energy supply and recycled materials. Energy and Buildings, 2024. 324: p. 114922.
- Zahedi, R., et al., Feasibility study for designing and building a zero-energy house in new cities. Solar Energy, 2022. 240: p. 168-175.
- Robertson, J.J., B.J. Polly, and J.M. Collis, Reduced-order modeling and simulated annealing optimization for efficient residential building utility bill calibration. Applied Energy, 2015. 148: p. 169-177.
- Hiyama, K. and L. Wen, Rapid response surface creation method to optimize window geometry using dynamic daylighting simulation and energy simulation. Energy and Buildings, 2015. 107: p. 417-423.
- Singh, K. and R. Das, Exergy optimization of cooling tower for HGSHP and HVAC applications. Energy conversion and management, 2017. 136: p. 418-430.
- Kim, W., S.W. Jeon, and Y. Kim, Model-based multi-objective optimal control of a VRF (variable refrigerant flow) combined system with DOAS (dedicated outdoor air system) using genetic algorithm under heating conditions. Energy, 2016. 107: p. 196-204.
- Shaghaghi, A., et al., Energy consumption reduction in a building by free cooling using phase change material (PCM). Future Energy, 2024. 3(2): p. 31-36.
- Kassim, M., A. Aslani, and R. Zahedi, Energy performance analysis of thermal insulating plaster in the different climate zones. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2024. 47: p. 102294.
- Zahedi, R., et al., Analysis and evaluation of thermal-cooling loads of office buildings using carrier software in Iran. Journal of Smart Buildings and Construction Technology, 2022. 4(2): p. 61-74.
References
Chwieduk, D., Towards sustainable-energy buildings. Applied energy, 2003. 76(1-3): p. 211-217.
Ahmadi, S., et al., Reducing the share of electricity generation from fossil fuels by replacing renewable energies in rainy areas. 2023.
Al-Homoud, M.S., The effectiveness of thermal insulation in different types of buildings in hot climates. Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science, 2004. 27(3): p. 235-247.
Kazemi Pouran Badr, S., et al., Impact of insulation and building management systems on reducing energy consumption and Energy analysis of residential buildings. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 2020. 7(2): p. 5-23.
Cao, X., X. Dai, and J. Liu, Building energy-consumption status worldwide and the state-of-the-art technologies for zero-energy buildings during the past decade. Energy and buildings, 2016. 128: p. 198-213.
Cuce, P.M. and S. Riffat, A comprehensive review of heat recovery systems for building applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015. 47: p. 665-682.
Svobodová, H. and P. Hlaváčková, Forest as a source of renewable material to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Journal of Forest Science, 2023.
Radhi, H., A comparison of the accuracy of building energy analysis in Bahrain using data from different weather periods. Renewable Energy, 2009. 34(3): p. 869-875.
Wynn, M. and O. Olayinka, E-business strategy in developing countries: A framework and checklist for the small business sector. Sustainability, 2021. 13(13): p. 7356.
Wang, H., X. Xue, and C. Zhao, Performance Analysis on Combined Energy Supply System Based on Carnot Battery with Packed-Bed Thermal Energy Storage. Available at SSRN 4712077.
Zahedi, R. and S. Gitifar, TRNSYS simulation of water heating system based on flat plate solar collector in Iranian climate. Journal of Renewable and New Energy, 2024. 11(2): p. 1-8.
Aboutorabi, R.S.S., H. Yousefi, and M. Abdoos, A comparative analysis of the carbon footprint in green building materials: a case study of Norway. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2024: p. 1-22.
Ramesh, G., Study on Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Foam Concrete. Indian Journal of Structure Engineering (IJSE) Volume-1 Issue-1, 2021: p. 1-3.
Ghoniem, A. and L. Aboul Nour, Experimental investigation into the properties of crumb rubberized concrete incorporating corrugated round steel fibers. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2024. 24(2): p. 1-16.
Shahee, A., et al., Reducing the energy consumption of buildings by implementing insulation scenarios and using renewable energies. Energy Informatics, 2024. 7(1): p. 18.
Zahedi, R., et al., Technical, economic and environmental assessment of carbon capture from thermal power plants and convert it into value added concrete material. Emergent Materials, 2024: p. 1-12.
Felimban, A., et al., Assessment of current energy consumption in residential buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Buildings, 2019. 9(7): p. 163.
Boemi, S.-N. and O. Irulegi, The Hotel Industry: Current Situation and Its Steps Beyond Sustainability. Energy Performance of Buildings: Energy Efficiency and Built Environment in Temperate Climates, 2015: p. 235-250.
Baetens, R., et al., Assessing electrical bottlenecks at feeder level for residential net zero-energy buildings by integrated system simulation. Applied Energy, 2012. 96: p. 74-83.
Nielsen, S. and B. Möller, Excess heat production of future net zero energy buildings within district heating areas in Denmark. Energy, 2012. 48(1): p. 23-31.
Zahedi, R., et al., Thermal analysis model of a building equipped with green roof and its energy optimization. Nature-Based Solutions, 2023. 3: p. 100053.
Abdous, M., et al., Design and analysis of zero-energy and carbon buildings with renewable energy supply and recycled materials. Energy and Buildings, 2024. 324: p. 114922.
Zahedi, R., et al., Feasibility study for designing and building a zero-energy house in new cities. Solar Energy, 2022. 240: p. 168-175.
Robertson, J.J., B.J. Polly, and J.M. Collis, Reduced-order modeling and simulated annealing optimization for efficient residential building utility bill calibration. Applied Energy, 2015. 148: p. 169-177.
Hiyama, K. and L. Wen, Rapid response surface creation method to optimize window geometry using dynamic daylighting simulation and energy simulation. Energy and Buildings, 2015. 107: p. 417-423.
Singh, K. and R. Das, Exergy optimization of cooling tower for HGSHP and HVAC applications. Energy conversion and management, 2017. 136: p. 418-430.
Kim, W., S.W. Jeon, and Y. Kim, Model-based multi-objective optimal control of a VRF (variable refrigerant flow) combined system with DOAS (dedicated outdoor air system) using genetic algorithm under heating conditions. Energy, 2016. 107: p. 196-204.
Shaghaghi, A., et al., Energy consumption reduction in a building by free cooling using phase change material (PCM). Future Energy, 2024. 3(2): p. 31-36.
Kassim, M., A. Aslani, and R. Zahedi, Energy performance analysis of thermal insulating plaster in the different climate zones. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2024. 47: p. 102294.
Zahedi, R., et al., Analysis and evaluation of thermal-cooling loads of office buildings using carrier software in Iran. Journal of Smart Buildings and Construction Technology, 2022. 4(2): p. 61-74.