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Abstract
Issues such as climate change and ever-increasing global warming have obliged governments and world authorities to comply with stringent regulations on the control of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in internal combustion engines (ICEs). Carbon dioxide (CO2), the most produced GHG, has been the major concern of climate change in recent years. To reduce carbon emissions, fuels with lower carbon content, such as alcohol fuels, or fuels with no carbon content, like hydrogen and ammonia, should be taken into consideration to be replaced by fossil fuels in internal combustion engines.
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References
- Jain, Vatsal, and Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian. "Functionalized graphene materials for hydrogen storage." Journal of Materials Science 55.5 (2020): 1865-1903.
- Lee JH, Park JH, Kwon OC. Properties of laminar premixed hydrogen-added ammonia/air flames. In: 2008 annual NH3 fuel conference; 2008. Minneapolis, MN.
- Andwari, A.M.; Said, M.F.M.; Aziz, A.A.; Esfahanian, V.; Salavati-Zadeh, A.; Idris, M.A.; Perang, M.R.M.; Jamil, H.M. Design, Modeling and Simulation of a High-Pressure Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Pump for Small Engine Applications. J. Mech. Eng. 2018, 1, 107–120
- Dimitriou, Pavlos, and Rahat Javaid. "A review of ammonia as a compression ignition engine fuel." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45.11 (2020): 7098-7118.
- Kroch, E., “Ammonia-a fuel for motor buses,” 1945, Comprigaz, Brussels, Journal of the Institute of Petroleum, Vol. 31, pp. 213-223.
References
Jain, Vatsal, and Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian. "Functionalized graphene materials for hydrogen storage." Journal of Materials Science 55.5 (2020): 1865-1903.
Lee JH, Park JH, Kwon OC. Properties of laminar premixed hydrogen-added ammonia/air flames. In: 2008 annual NH3 fuel conference; 2008. Minneapolis, MN.
Andwari, A.M.; Said, M.F.M.; Aziz, A.A.; Esfahanian, V.; Salavati-Zadeh, A.; Idris, M.A.; Perang, M.R.M.; Jamil, H.M. Design, Modeling and Simulation of a High-Pressure Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Pump for Small Engine Applications. J. Mech. Eng. 2018, 1, 107–120
Dimitriou, Pavlos, and Rahat Javaid. "A review of ammonia as a compression ignition engine fuel." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45.11 (2020): 7098-7118.
Kroch, E., “Ammonia-a fuel for motor buses,” 1945, Comprigaz, Brussels, Journal of the Institute of Petroleum, Vol. 31, pp. 213-223.
